On Wednesday, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro signed a treaty establishing a strategic partnership in Moscow, adding to Russia’s growing network of alliances since its large-scale invasion of Ukraine.

This agreement marks Russia’s fourth similar pact in a span of two years, following agreements with China, North Korea, and Iran.

During discussions at the Kremlin, Maduro expressed optimism about the treaty, stating, “This agreement will foster the development of relations between magnificent Russia, a key player in today’s global landscape, and Venezuela in the upcoming years.”

Putin described the agreement as a solid foundation for future collaboration, although specific details were not revealed by either leader. He mentioned that the two nations are collaborating on initiatives in the fields of energy, transportation, and pharmaceuticals.

Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov previously characterized the treaty as a significant and essential framework document.

Maduro is among over twenty world leaders expected to participate in the military parade at Red Square on Friday, commemorating the 80th anniversary of the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany. Putin extended the invitation to him in March, indicating that the treaty was finalized and ready for signing during this visit.

Venezuela has bolstered its relationship with Russia since the era of the late socialist leader Hugo Chávez, who held power from 1999 until his death in 2013. His successor, Maduro, has maintained this partnership and has publicly supported Russia’s military actions in Ukraine.